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Objective To summarize the prevention and control of endemic arsenism in Qianxinan state of Guizhou Province in 30 years,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of arsenic poisoning. Methods According to the documentary information of endemic arsenism in Qianxinan state of Guizhou Province of 1976-2005.and the data from samples monitoring of published article,to discuss the general situation of prevention and control by time sequence.Results There were 3 large outbreaks in Xingren County in 1976.in Jiaole District in 1991,in Xingyi City and Anlong County in 1992-1994 with 877,1548 and 594 patients respcctively.The arsenic quantities of various areas of burning-coal were 3361,2130,352 and 2150 mg/kg,which were obviouslv above national standards(1 00 mg/kg).The arsenic quantities of samples were 1.34,1.34,0.71 and 0.39 mg/L in urine,and 53.50,53.50,58.60 and 12.60 mg/kg in hair.The national standards of the two samples were 0.17 mg/L and 0.28 mg/kg.The dead causes of 236 arsenism decedent were 45.3%(107/236)cancer,26.3% (62/236)hepatocirrhosis ascites,5.9%(14/230)lung-cardiopathy in 1992-2000.Other systemic damages were found.Conclusions Reducing the use of high-arsenic coal is crucial in prevention of endemic arsenism.Only the long-term mechanism is established and the strong prevention and control measures are formulated,the occurrence of endemic arsenism can be effectively controlled.
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Objective To observe expression of the keratin 10 (K10), c-myc and cox2 in buccal mucous membrane exfoliated cells, and changes of liver function of coal-burning arsenism patients, in order to explorate coal-burning arsenic poison circumference biology symbol. Methods The buccal mucous membrane exfoliated cells were collected from both arsenism patients and normal controls. Real-time PCR was employed to detect the changes of K10, c-myc, cox2 genes expression in these cells. Simultaneously, circumference venous blood was extracted and examinated liver function. Results K10 was found obviously overexpressed in arsenism patients(3.60±0.94) compared to control(1.82±0.68), the difference had statistics significance(t=2.15, P<0.05), c-mye and cox2 did not found obviously changed(c-myc: 3.50±2.77,3.39±2.07; cox2:5.90±1.40,4.73±1.91; t=1.26,1.65, P> 0.05). The serum ALT of patients(25.83±2A5) obviously increased than control(36.86±1735, t=2.55, P<0.05). Conclusions Expression of K10 gene in buccal mucous membrane cells may be regarded as sensitive molecular markers for skin pathologic changes in arsenic patients. The liver is a sensitive target organ of inorganic arsenic.
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<p><b>AIM</b>To determine if the diagnostic ultrasound and self-made microbubbles could be used to increase gene transfection and expression in cardiac myocytes by means of the ultrasound-mediated microbubbles destruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The perfluoropropane-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin(PESDA) microbubbles were made and mixed with indicated volume reporter gene encoding beta-galactosidase prior to gene transfection. Gene transfection into the cultured cardiac myocytes was performed by exposure to the various intense diagnostic ultrasound (1.3 MHz) in the presence of the gene-attached microbubbles. The calcium phosphate precipitation gene transfection was carried out alone or in combination with ultrasound-mediated destruction microbubbles. The cells were harvested 48 h after transfection and beta-galactosidase expression was detected by in situ staining and quantitive assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cardiac myocytes exposed to ultrasound with PESDA induced significantly increase in gene expression (60-fold compared with naked plasmids transfection, P < 0.01). Moreover, it was found that the reporter gene expression not only related with ultrasound intension but also with the microbubbles concentration. In combination with calcium phosphate precipitation gene transfection, ultrasound-mediated destruction microbubbles resulted in more intense gene expression even 6 hours after calcium phosphate precipitation gene transfection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ultrasonic destruction of gene-loaded microbubble is a highly effective gene transfer method, and it not only acts on the gene entry into cells, but also on the intracellular exogenous DNA expression.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Gene Expression , Genes, Reporter , Myocytes, Cardiac , Cell Biology , Plasmids , Rats, Wistar , Transfection , Methods , UltrasonicsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) on the expression of phospholamban (PLB) and sarco (endo) plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) and concentration of intracellular free calcium in myocardiocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The neonatal rat myocardiocytes were randomly divided into 6 groups: treatment with different concentrations of TNFalpha (1,10,30,50,and 70 microg/L, respectively) and without TNFalpha (control). The mRNA and protein expression of PLB and SERCA2a were detected with one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The changes of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured single neonatal rat cardiomyocyte were determined with Fluo-3/AM loading by laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS TNFalpha significantly increased the expression of PLB mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent fashion. The ratio of PLB/beta-actin mRNA in myocardiocytes incubated with 10,30,50, and 70 microg/L TNFalpha significantly increased by 66%, 106%, 141%, and 189% compared with control (P < 0.05), and protein levels significantly increased by 30%, 48%, 73%, and 114% respectively compared with control (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in PLB mRNA expression between the group treated with 1 microg/L TNFalpha and control group. TNFalpha had no effect on the expression of mRNA and protein of SERCA2a. TNFalpha (50 microg/L) incubated with cell for 24 hours diminished delta[Ca2+]i of single neonatal rat cardiomyocyte about 33% stimulated by isoproterenol (P < 0.01), but had no effect on delta [Ca2+]i of cardiomyocyte without isoproterenol stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TNFalpha can increase the expression of PLB and decrease delta[Ca2+]i in cardiomyocytes, which may be related with its negative inotropic effects on cardiomyocytes.</p>